Use of English
Word Formation - Example 2
C1 Advanced Exam
Note: the format of this exercise has been modified for this website. On the exam, all the words between the brackets [] will be in a column to the right of the text. To see an example of this, click here.
Part 3
For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.
Example:
Two sleeps per night
Sometimes we wake up in the middle of the night and try (0) _______________ [DESPAIR] hard to get back to sleep, but instead we spend a really (17) _______________ [COMFORT] night tossing and turning until morning. This situation could be (18) _______________ [SYMPTOM] of a stressful week, but it could also be because of a sleep pattern we have inherited. Research shows that our ancestors, rather than enjoying an (19) _______________ [INTERRUP] period of sleep at night, had two sleeps broken up by some time awake.
The eight-hours-a-night pattern that has become almost (20) _______________ [ESSENCE] to modern humans has only been (21) _______________ [CUSTOM] in industrialised countries since the 19th century. Then (22) _______________ [AFFORD] electricity was introduced, which resulted in a division between night and day that became (23) _______________ [PROGRESS] blurred. What had until then been daytime activities could now be enjoyed after darkness, and as a result, we went to bed later. We were therefore more tired, and this (24) _______________ [ABLE] us to sleep through the night. However, scientists believe that, subconsciously, some people may still follow the old patterns and have a lengthy period of wakefulness during the night.
Answers
Sometimes we wake up in the middle of the night and try (0) DESPERATELY hard to get back to sleep, but instead we spend a really (17) UNCOMFORTABLE night tossing and turning until morning. This situation could be (18) SYMTOMATIC of a stressful week, but it could also be because of a sleep pattern we have inherited. Research shows that our ancestors, rather than enjoying an (19) UNINTERRUPTED period of sleep at night, had two sleeps broken up by some time awake.
The eight-hours-a-night pattern that has become almost (20) ESSENTIAL to modern humans has only been (21) CUSTOMARY in industrialised countries since the 19th century. Then (22) AFFORDABLE electricity was introduced, which resulted in a division between night and day that became (23) PROGRESSIVELY blurred. What had until then been daytime activities could now be enjoyed after darkness, and as a result, we went to bed later. We were therefore more tired, and this (24) ENABLED us to sleep through the night. However, scientists believe that, subconsciously, some people may still follow the old patterns and have a lengthy period of wakefulness during the night.
17. UNCOMFORTABLE 18. SYMPTOMATIC 19. UNINTERRUPTED 20. ESSENTIAL 21. CUSTOMARY 22. AFFORDABLE 23. PROGRESSIVELY 24. ENABLE